Реферат на тему Specific features of proverbs and sayings

Содержание:

Introduction. 3

1.   A
brief Excursion into the History of Pproverbs and Sayings. 4

2.
Reflection of the Mentality of the People in English Proverbs and Sayings. 6

3.
Similarities and Differences between Proverbs and Sayings. 7

4.
Lexical and Grammatical Means of Realization of English Proverbs and Sayings
and Features of Their Structural Construction. 8

5.
Stylistic Means of Registration of English Paremias. 13

Conclusion. 14

References. 15

Введение:

It has long
been noted that the wisdom and spirit of the people are manifested in their proverbs and sayings, and knowledge of proverbs
and sayings of a particular people contributes not only to a better knowledge
of the language, but also to a better understanding of the way of thinking and
character of the people. The proverbs and sayings reflect the rich historical
experience of the people, their mentality, ideas, associated with work, life and culture of people.

The
linguistic popular consciousness is the embodiment of the national understanding of the world in linguistic form,
in linguistic stereotypes. This is on the one hand, but on the other, there are
many international themes and motives in the proverbs and sayings of different
nations. This is quite justified, since the peoples of different countries, as
a rule, have similar moral ideals and aspirations, which, in turn, can
contribute to their better understanding and rapprochement. Therefore, studying
English proverbs and sayings, comparing them with Russian, we get the
opportunity to significantly expand our knowledge of the English language, get
acquainted with some customs and facts of the history of England, as well as
enrich our native language, learn to understand folk wisdom, and join universal
human moral values. Proverbs and sayings, both of the Russian and Anglo-Saxon
ethnic groups, serve as both universal and unique guidelines for human
activity.

The
relevance of the work is due to the fact that in modern society there is a
rapid development of intercultural communication. By exploring vocabulary such
as proverbs and sayings, we gain a deeper understanding of the mentality of
native speakers of a foreign language.

The object
of the research is the proverbs and sayings of the English language as a
national and cultural component.

The subject
of this research is the study of specific features of English proverbs and
sayings, as well as national and cultural characteristics of the English people
through their proverbs and sayings.

Заключение:

English
proverbs and sayings are ambiguous and vivid, they are outside of time and
outside of class division, i.e. they are pronounced by both rich people and
people of the lower strata of society, they appeared in the distant past, they
hide the age-old wisdom of the people

The results
of the theoretical analysis and experimental data of the linguistic specificity
of English proverbs and sayings prove that the term “text of a small form” is
the most appropriate for the definition of proverbs or sayings since they don’t
have a clear subject matter, but are characterized by the structural
composition typical of a common text.

The
linguistic peculiarities of proverbs and sayings are compressionand syntactical
rigidity. From the structural and semantic point of view, proverbs are complete
sentences. Mostly, they are narrative dissyllabic sentences with a closed
system that have semantic and intonation completeness, the category of
predication and modality. They are based on judgments rather than on coherent
semantic sentences.

The
syntactic structure of proverbs is usually built following the model of simple
and complex (compound coordinated and subordinated) sentences. Typically,
proverbs include 7+-2 words, the number that corresponds to the capacity of
operational memory of the speaker of listener. Affirmative or negative
communicative types of utterances are represented in the sayings and proverbs
by three syntactic-structural subtypes: narrative, imperative and
interrogative, with dominance of affirmative forms.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1. A
brief Excursion into the History of Pproverbs and Sayings One of the
areas of phraseology is paremiology, which studies the structural and semantic
form of stable combinations of words called proverbs and sayings. It is
difficult to determine from what time proverbs and sayings began to circulate
among people - short oral statements on a wide variety of topics. It is also
unclear when the first proverbs and sayings appeared - apt expressions that can
expressly and aptly characterize something in a conversation without the help
of exhausting and complex explanations, but one thing is irrefutable: proverbs
and sayings arose in ancient times, and since then they accompany the people
throughout its entire history.

Special
functions made both proverbs and sayings very persistent and necessary in
everyday life and speech. L.N. Orkina believes that the proverb is not a simple
saying. She expresses the opinion of all the people. It contains the mentality
of the people, the assessment of life, the observation of the people's mind.
Not every saying became a proverb, but only one that was consistent with the way
of life, way of life, the thoughts of many people - such a saying could exist
for millennia, passing from century to century. Behind each proverb is the
authority of the generations that created them. Therefore, proverbs do not
argue, they do not prove - they simply affirm or deny something in the
confidence that everything they say is the firm truth. According to S.G.
Berezhan, one of the sources of the appearance of proverbs and sayings is oral
folk art - songs, fairy tales, epics, riddles. Proverbs and sayings are one of
the most ancient genres of folk art. English proverbs and sayings appeared long
ago, and go back centuries. Many of them appeared even when there was no
written language.

Therefore,
the question of the primary sources is still open. It is possible to highlight
the following main sources for the emergence of English proverbs and sayings:
folk, literary, biblical origin, borrowing and using Shakespeare's quotes as
proverbs and sayings.