Платная доработка на тему Rendering Satiric Means While Translating “Brave New World” by A.Huxley into Russian

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 3

1.THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE SATIRE MEANS FUNCTIONING
IN THE FICTION......................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1The Notion of the
Satire.............................................................................................................
5

1.2 Main Means of the Satire
Expression........................................................................................7

1.3 Stylistic Peculiarities
of A. Huxley’s Novel “Brave new
world”............................................12

1.4 Basic Functions of the
Satire in the Novel of A.Huxley “Brave New World”........................13

1.5 Summary of Results
1..............................................................................................................15

MAIN
WAYS OF THE SATIRE TRANSLATION IN THE NOVEL “BRAVE NEW WORLD” BY A. HUXCLAY.................................................................................................................................. 16

2.1
Main Problems of Dystopia
Translation..................................................................................16

2.2
Basic Ways of the Satire
Translation.......................................................................................21

2.3
Summary of Discussion
2........................................................................................................35

CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................ 37

REFERENCES........................................................................................................................... 39

Введение:

This work is devoted to the study of conveying satire
means in the Russian translation of A. Huxlay’s novel “Brave new world” which
belongs to the genre of dystopia.

In linguistics and scientific literature, problems
connected with the nature of satire, stylistic means of its creation and ways
of translation are studied by many well-known scientists. A certain
contribution to the theory of satire was made by such researchers as A.N. Luk, I.R.
Galperin, Yu. B. Borev, A.V. Karasik, B. Dzemidok, and some others. To realize
the humorous effect in fiction, many stylistic means of language can be used.
The researchers are sure that metaphors, similes, word game, hyperboles,
paraphrases, puns, idioms, zeugmas can be applied in a situation of opposition,
contrast, contradiction, deceived expectations, which are the heart of the satire.

Aldous Huxley is an English writer was born in the 19th
century. He is a master of English prose in the genre of the dystopia and his
novel “Brave new world”
is one of the most prominent in this genre.

It is well known that the satire is based on a
discrepancy between the meaning of the sentence (the literal meaning) and the
meaning of the utterance (indirect meaning). This discrepancy can vary from
partial overlap – the speaker wants to say more than he says, to their exact
opposite – the speaker implies the opposite of what he says.

No doubt that satire presents certain difficulties for
translation. On the one hand, these are difficulties of an extralinguistic and
cultural nature. They are related to the fact that satire is a vivid reflection
of the national mentality and the most pressing problems of modern life,
including people's ideas about the comic, modern and historical realities,
typical situations of communication, etc. On the other hand, these are
difficulties of a linguistic nature, since colloquial and non-normative vocabulary
is widely represented in such texts. All these and other features make it
difficult to translate such texts into another language and, as a result, for
understanding by foreigners.

The relevance
of this study is determined by the constant interest to dystopia and O. Huxclay’s
work as well, the desire to delve deeper into the artistic intentions of the
writer. The satire in the novels of O.Huxclay lies in all the spheres:
language, characters, and descriptions. The translation of satire is one of the
most difficult issues in the translation science because the joke can often be so dependent on the wordplay of
the original language that it’s just simply impossible to translate.

The
object of the paper is satire
in O.Huxclay’s novel “Brave
new world”.

The
subject of this research
is conveying satire means in the Russian translation of O. Huxlay’s novel “Brave new world”.

The
objective of this work is to
make complex linguistic analysis of the main ways of the satire convening in the
novel of O. Huxlay “Brave new
world”.

To reach this aim, it is possible to put the following
tasks:

- to determine the notion of satire;

- to study the main ways of the satire creation;

- to analyze stylistic means of O. Huxlay’s novel “Brave new world”;

- to determine the main ways of the satire translation
based on the novel “Brave new
world” by A. Huxley. The
theoretical and methodological base of the research became the fundamental works of
Russian and foreign linguists in the sphere of stylistic:  I.R. Galperin ‘Stylistic of English
language’, R.S. Ginsburg ‘Course in modern English lexicology’, V.V. Gurevich
‘English stylistics’, M.P. Ivashkin ‘The practice of English Stylistic’, M.D.
Kuznets ‘Stylistic of English language’, V.P. 
Meshcheryakov ‘The basis of the literature, N.M. Razinkina‘The
functional stylistic’.

In accordance with the objectives of this work the
following methods were used: the
method of linguistic description (assuming the interpretation of the satire),
the analytical method (allowing identifying the main ways of satire conveying),
the descriptive and inductive-deductive methods were used during the analysis of
A. Huxley’s novel
“Brave new world”.

The theoretical
significance of the work is in the
identification of the irony and humour in the
fictionand main ways of their
conveying as well as determination of the ways of their translation into
Russian.

The
practical significance
of the research is that its key findings can be applied to the practice of
lexicography, and also to be used in training courses in lexicology,
stylistics, translation, which in turn is very important for the practice of
teaching English.

The
material of the study is
novel of A. Huxley “Brave new
world”.

Structure
of the work. The paper
consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion and a reference.

Заключение:

Satire is a conceptual category consisting of
concepts, one of which is national satire. National-specific features of satire
are defined in the language with the help of various language means,
representing the concepts of a comic linguocultural code of a certain nation.

In
humorous works of any genre to create a comic effect, the author must use
certain techniques and means. It is possible to single out five main groups of
methods:

1) Modifying and deforming phenomena of exaggeration
or understatement the object into an abnormal phenomenon, respectively, making
it comic.

2) Unexpected effects and striking juxtapositions of
comism can consist in an unexpected plot or thoughts.

3) Disproportion in relations and connections between
phenomena.

4) Imaginary unification of completely heterogeneous
phenomena.

5) The creation of phenomena that essentially or
apparently deviate from the logical or praxeological norms.

Expressive means and stylistic
devices are often used in the works of dystopias aimed at influencing the
reader’s thinking and ideas. The functions of metaphors, periphrasis, metonymy,
personification, ellipsis, epithet and others in anti-utopias are much alike,
as they have their main functions – emphatic and pragmatic.

Satire
in the novel of O. Huxley “Brave New World” is manifested at all structural
levels of the language, providing the content-semantic context of the work.

The translation of
Osiya Petrovich Soroka and Vladimir Olegovich Babkov in 1989 from English into
Russian is the only complete translation of the novel “Brave New World”  for Russian-speaking readers. At the moment,
the book is one of the most popular dystopias of our century, included in
various anthologies. Thanks to Hosea Petrovich Soroka and Vladimir Olegovich
Babkov, any who wants to know and understand the novel by Oldous Huxley, but is
unable to read the book in the original, can do it in the Russian language.

We reviewed the
existing translation techniques and the possibility of using them to translate
humor. In the course of the study it was determined that different translation
techniques could be used to translate linguistic means of creating a comic, the
choice of which is influenced by various factors. Thus, it was concluded that
the transfer of the comic from one language to another is a creative task, for
which the translator has to look for different ways. However, an analysis of
translations has shown that there are certain patterns in the use of
translation techniques for specific language means of creating a comic, while,
more often than not, some kind of loss occurs in terms of expression or
content. The presence of such patterns shows the possibility of further
developing the algorithm for transferring the language means of the comic from
one language to another, and their imperfection indicates the need for further
research.

 Thus, the purpose of this work was
accomplished by solving the tasks: the definition of the comic in fiction was
defined and the basic forms were examined, the techniques and means of their
comic and the specificity of their translation were studied, the main
peculiarities of English humor was noted, various methods and techniques were
considered in translation, which can be used to transfer the comic, as well as
through the analysis of a number of examples, patterns were found in the use of
translation techniques.

Among the most
promising areas for further work it should be noted:

1) a more detailed
study of the mechanisms of creating a comic, taking into account the various
theories of humor;

2) the study of
methods of transmitting linguistic means of creating a comic from other
languages, for example, based on the works of German authors.

Фрагмент текста работы:

1. THEORETICAL
ASPECTS OF THE SATIRE MEANS FUNCTIONING IN THE FICTION

1.1 The
Notion of the Satire

Scientists have always been interested in the question
of the influence of language on the culture of an individual and society as a
whole, as well as the features of the reflection of culture in the language.

Satire, being an
indicator of culture and an actualizer of the thinking process, plays an
important role in this interaction. The linguo-culturological aspect of the
study of humor is devoted to the work of A.A. Zaliznyak (2007), L.P. Ivanova
(2007), V.I. Karasik (2002). Zaliznyak A.A. in the article “Humor and Wit in
the European Cultural Perspective” analyzes such concepts as “humor”, “wit”,
“funny”, defining these terms as “number of cultural concepts” reflecting
common European values. Zaliznyak A.A. asserts that “the word humor has become
a term (in literary and cultural studies), an approximate synonym for which is
the term comic, and its meaning is about the same in most European languages
​​(except that in French the word humor retains the imprint of its Anglo-Saxon
origin, and rather comique, comisme) ” [32, p. 554]. Among the cultural
concepts, humor was identifies by V.I. Karasik in the following way: “Being a
cultural concept, satire has value characteristics, other words, associated
with key life landmarks. Satire is inherently one of the most convenient ways
for a person to adapt to changing circumstances, it is a reaction to unexpected
developments, to a certain extent - reconciliation with reality, and with the
experience of positive emotions, which, as you know, contribute to strengthening
human health” [30, p. 78].

Satire is a sharp manifestation of the comic in
various forms of art, which is a poetic humiliating denunciation of phenomena
with the help of various comic means such as: sarcasm, irony, hyperbole,
grotesque, allegory, parody and others.

 Thus, satire is an organic protective
characteristic of the human psyche, a rather subtle and complex emotional
phenomenon associated with the survival of a person as a species, other words, satire
is associated with the vital values ​​of man.

It should be noted
that from the standpoint of vital values, (as a means of survival and
psychological self-defense) laughter is related to fear, but fear is a way of
emotional concentration on a negative basis before a dangerous event, and laughter
is a way of emotional relaxation on a positive basis after a dangerous event”
[26, p. 156]. Ivanova L.P. in the article “Linguistic and Cultural Aspects of
the Comic (to the problem statement)” considers the comic as an object of
linguistic and cultural studies. However, according to the author, “this
problem has not yet been sufficiently developed, although it should be solved
in line with the modern anthropocentric paradigm” [15, p. 561].