Курсовая теория на тему Language and Communicative Needs Analysis for ESP course ‘English for Media and Journalism’

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1.1 Register analysis Register
analysis (in the 1960s and in early 1970s). The aim was to identify the
grammatical and lexical features of different registers. For example, for the
register of Electrical Engineering will differ from the ones of Biology and
General English. The first trend is concerned with the notion of
language variation and the development of register analysis. Language variation
involves the existence of varieties of language related to specific contexts of
use. Operating on the principle that language varies according to the user
(registers), analysts identified the grammatical and lexical features of these
registers, which ESP courses adopted as their syllabus. The approach was thus
sentence-based and form-focused. Most research was carried out into ESP
(English for Specific Purpose) register. The
emergence and development of languages for special purposes is directly related
to the history of society. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the
method of logical analysis prevailed in linguistic research; it was suggested
that the language has a perfect structure, with the help of which the structure
of reality can be discovered. Subsequently, the idea of creating a logically
perfect language appeared. Unlike natural language, would be devoid of
ambiguity and could express scientific truth. This language turned out to be
LSP, which was considered as a way of thinking and describing reality. Special vocabulary
became the object of ESP study. The emergence of various types of artificial
languages, terms, sign systems and the search for a single international
intermediary language are due to the internationalization of business
communication processes, the growth of financial and production documentation,
the need for a quick exchange of information, new technical means of
communication and new ways of storing and transmission of information.

In comparison with the 19th century, in the 20th
century, international communication reached a qualitatively different level,
in connection with which the need arose to create a language with which one
could easily express thoughts and, when mastered, it would be possible to avoid
the complexities of an idiomatic order. In view of the fact that none of the
European literary languages met these criteria, in the 30s the question was
raised of creating a special system like Esperanto, which would become a
simplified version of the actually existing language. Guided by these
requirements, the English philologists Charles Kay Ogden and Ivor Armstrong Richards
created the Basic English system, the shortcomings of which were repeatedly
noted in the special literature.

Representatives of the Prague Linguistic Circle in the
30s of the twentieth century also made attempts to categorically approach the
description of the functional and stylistic properties of linguistic units. Develop
the idea about the Prague Linguistic Circle, when explain how it is connected with ESP.

Here starts a new paragraph ESP can be described in
terms of core and non-core features in the light of the characterizations
proposed by ESP researchers[1],
as shown in figure 1.

ESP is basically characterized by a set of core
features on which ESP experts seem to agree. First and foremost, ESP is
goal-directed or “end-focused”, the aim being to communicate effectively in
specific scientific fields and professional settings.

ESP, thus, falls well within the framework of
communicative language teaching which is currently becoming an international
phenomenon. To prevent the focus of ESP from becoming either too narrow or too
wide, teachers need to continue evaluating program goals in light of student
performance both inside and outside the classroom. Therefore, the content of an
ESP syllabus should be based on an approach that combines register analysis
with discourse analysis. Register analysis can be used to determine
authenticity of language in relation to lexical and grammatical features.
Discourse analysis can be used to help deter mine the authenticity Of the
message as an act of communication involving [1] Allwright, J. & Allwright, M.
(1977), an approach to the teaching of medical English. In S. Holden (Ed.),
English for Specific Purposes (pp. 58-62). Oxford: Modern English Publications