Курсовая теория на тему Elements of postcolonial feminism in E. M. Forster's A Passage to India and Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman.

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER 1. “POSTCOLONIAL RESEARCH” AS A HISTORICAL AND
CULTURAL PHENOMENON OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY   5

1.1 Development of feminist thought in English literature. 5

1.2 The phenomenon of postcolonial feminism as part of
culture. 9

CHAPTER 2. ELEMENTS OF POSTCOLONIAL FEMINISM IN WOMEN’S
ENGLISH LITERATURE. 14

2.1 Elements of postcolonial feminism in the E. M.
Forster’s novel «A Passage to India». 14

2.2 Elements of postcolonial feminism in the Margaret
Atwood’s novel «The Edible Woman». 18

CONCLUSION.. 22

REFERENCES  24

Введение:

The relevance of research.
Feminism as a component of humanitarian culture is a condition for positioning
ethical principles in it. The social movement of women, as a branch of social
and cultural movements, is a condition for the development of the principles of
democracy, the ideals of civil society, and a necessary component of the
process of cultural transformations in a humanistic context. Humanitarian
culture as the most important sphere of human life and society, spiritual
production, creates and preserves in the "cultural texts" meanings,
life values ​​and ideals of human life, social orientations, and standards of
behavior based on the ideals of humanism, philanthropy and thereby contributes
to social harmony, consolidation human communities, provides individual self-determination
of the individual.

For these reasons, a
culturological analysis of feminism seems to be a necessary element of modern
humanitarian thought. Modern (postcolonial) feminism, criticizing the
traditional patriarchal concept of the socio-cultural development of mankind,
put forward an alternative to it, in which a woman appears as an active and
equal subject of the cultural process with men. The development of the feminist
idea in America, Europe, and Russia has its characteristics, due to the history
of the development of the continents, national mentality, cultural and
religious identity. The study of these details represents the relevance of the
work.

The object of the work is
postcolonial feminism in literature. The subject is elements of postcolonial feminism
in the novels of E. M. Forster's A Passage to India and Margaret Atwood's The
Edible Woman.

The aim of the work is to analyze
the literary text of a literary work, highlighting the elements of postcolonial
feminism in it. In accordance with the goals, the following work tasks were
set:

1. To study the development of feminist thought in English literature;

2. To highlight the phenomenon of
postcolonial feminism as part of culture;

3. To analyze the elements of
postcolonial feminism in the E. M. Forster’s novel «A Passage to India» and
Margaret Atwood’s novel «The Edible Woman».

Research methods: semantic,
contextual and conceptual analysis, as well as general methods of scientific
research (observation, analysis and comparison) was used to process the
specified material.

The theoretical significance of
the work lies in the further development of the theory of development of
feminism in literature.

The practical significance of the
work lies in the fact that the research materials can be used in courses in
linguistics, lexicology, regional studies, sociolinguistics, cultural
linguistics and textology.

This work consists of an
introduction, two chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography.

Заключение:

With the continuing rise in global
debt, labor and environmental crises, instability for women (especially in the
global south) has become a prevalent problem in postcolonial feminist
literature. Other topics include the impact of mass migration to metropolitan
areas, economic terrorism, and how to decolonize the imagination from the
multitude of writing tricks of a woman of color.

Depending on the feminist
literature, the third world and postcolonial feminism can often be used
interchangeably. A review of the work of other scholars on these two terms
highlights the differences; The countries of the "third world",
referred to as North America and Europe, were characterized as underdeveloped
and poor, which led to dependence on the nations of the "first world"
for their survival. The term began to be widely used in the 1980s but soon came
under criticism from postcolonial scholars. Naples defines the term
"postcolonial" as "... usually applied to countries such as
India where a former colonial power has been eliminated." Both terms can
be viewed as problematic due to the heightened idea of ​​"separation"
from non-Western cultures.

Although postcolonial feminism
was supposed to represent the evolution of the Third World into a more reformed
ideology, the argument is that World Feminism should be re-established,
emphasizing the importance of local/national, “... to promote inclusive and
democratic feminism that takes into account the diverse and multiple feminist
views of Third World women on places ".

Both feminism and postcolonial
discourse devote considerable attention to the problem of language as a
symbolic resource for the construction of identity and, at the same time, for
the creation of otherness and marginalization of oppressed subjects. Gayatri
Spivak, in “Can a Subaltern Speak ?”, a classic of both postcolonial and
feminist theory, shows that Indian women are the "lower class"
economically and racially, and demonstrates that putting women inside a
man-invented "national traditions "(the foundations of the ideology
of national independence and the creation of an independent state) means
depriving them of their voice, the right to (public) speech and the opportunity
to participate in power. If the oppressed speaks, what language will she use? -
further, problematize the questions of symbolic feminist theorists. Should
women develop their language (since in the usual their subordination is
symbolically enshrined)? Or is the creation of one in itself a means of
excluding women from the general (and in fact, masculine) discourse? Do women,
who are seen as the reproducers and keepers of the national culture, have the
"right of ownership" within this culture?

Feminism of the postcolonial wave
unites a huge number of texts, approaches, and views on those political
strategies that will serve the liberation of women in new nation-states.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. “POSTCOLONIAL RESEARCH”
AS A HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PHENOMENON OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY 1.1 Development of feminist thought
in English literature The eighteenth-century saw the
flowering of the female realistic novel. The women's novel was very popular in
the 1780s and 1790s . The characters were generally generalized
and equally stylized, although the sentimental component increased, as
evidenced by the work of E. Haywood (1693-1756), J. Austen (1775-1817), and S.
Owenson (Lady Morgan) (1783-1859), and others. By 1770, virtue was largely
glorified in novels, the heroes were sentimental, with "feminizing"
with signs of gentleness and sensuality inherent in women. The “feminine
principle”, on the other hand, was built more pragmatically and courageously.
This was reflected in the works of K. Reeve (1729-1807), E. Haywood, writers
whose name is undeservedly forgotten, but whose ideas predetermined the
development of women's prose in England in the 18th-19th centuries and
influenced the work of J. Austen, with whom she studied subsequently S. Owson
(Lady Morgan).

For a long time it was literary
texts that were practically the only source of information about the life of
women, since until recently few historical documents, studies, materials were
disclosed and presented with the help of which one can talk about the real-life
of women. According to P. Spax, literature is one of the few cultural fields
where the “feminine” principle is presented, obviously and explicitly, in the
description of plots and situations, in the display of images of women and the
motives of their behavior .

The emergence of women's prose in
England is a reflection of the woman's need for recognition of her active
presence not only in political and economic institutions but also in literature,
which was ripe in the society of that time. Writers demonstrate the conviction
that only through the accumulation and expression of alternative cultural
experience can literature become truly complete and reflect all spheres of
human existence. Novels created by women are written in different ways, raise
different topics, present different plots, and love is not always their central
theme [Назарова, 2017]. And it is impossible in all cases to talk about the
pettiness and narrowness of topics, about the sentimentality of works only
because they were created by women. Already in the middle of the 18th century,
in response to the male ideal of a submissive wife, women writers tended to
glorify the mother, who in their works has power over men.

S. Lee, for example, created the
image of men catering to every whim of their chaste mothers. By the 1760s, the
spiritual and moral purity of a woman was valued much more than during the
Restoration. For example, the Letter from Miss F. to a Noble Person spoke of
the dignity of a woman - chastity, and also an attempt was made to eliminate
the prejudice of society that women should only deal with home, family, and
Miss F. tried to convince others to allow her to practice singing career.