Курсовая с практикой на тему The peculiarities of the usage the metaphors and idioms in the fairy tales “ The Happy Prince” and “The Nightingale and the Rose” by Oscar Wilde.

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER 1.
THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF METAPHORS AS A LITERARY TECHNIQUE. 5

1.1 Definition
of metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon. 5

1.2 Classification
of metaphors and the specifics of their usage in literature. 9

1.3 Functions
of metaphors in fictional texts. 12

CHAPTER 2.
THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE USAGE IDIOMS IN ENGLISH   13

2.1 The Idiom as a phenomenon of
phraseology and history of studying. 13

2.2 Classification of idioms and the
specifics of their usage in literature. 19

CHAPTER 3. USAGE OF METAPHORS AND
IDIOMS IN THE FAIRY TALES OF OSCAR WILDE. 25

3.1 Peculiarities
of Oscar Wilde's art style. 25

3.2 The works of Oscar Wilde and the
specificity of his literary language. 28

3.3 Features of the usage of
metaphors and idioms in the fairy tale «The Happy Prince»  30

3.4 Features of the usage of
metaphors and idioms in the fairy tale «The Nightingale Rose»  34

CONCLUSION.. 36

REFERENCES. 37

Введение:

Stylistics as a linguistic discipline studies the
effective means to achieve communicative goals in various conditions of
communication. The writer or speaker tries to choose the most efficient
linguistic means for making a desirable impression on the reader or
interlocutor. The major task of stylistics is to reveal the linguistic
resources and methods of their creative usage for producing a necessary
stylistic result. So, the notion of stylistically relevant or colored units is
one of basic issues of stylistics.

Idiom and metaphor are linguistic features that are
the subject of great interest of researchers and literary critics.
Philosophers, logicians, psychologists, psycholinguists, stylists, literary
critics, semasiologists have focused their attention on the phenomenon of using
these linguistic techniques. This fact is associated with the changes that have
occurred in the structure and dynamics of modern concept about the world, as
well as with the new problem of verbalization of scientific knowledge. These
linguistic features bring a special authenticity to the language, convey the
authors' culture and the historical era of the events described, becoming
integral parts of fictional texts.

Oscar Wilde led estheticism as a literary movement in
England. In his artistic creation Wilde often overcame the estheticism and
immorality expressed in his articles and dialogues. In this regard, his tales are
very characteristic, included in the collections "The Happy Prince and
Other Tales."

The identity of his works is quite clearly that
manifests itself in his author's style. Oscar Wilde admired external beauty and
considered that the task of art was to create beauty.  A craving for the decorative side of art is
an important feature of Wilde's style. It is constantly present in the
descriptions in the author's artistic creation.

The relevance
of the paper is determined by the fact that the usage
of metaphors and idioms is extremely common among authors of different times.
For instance, an Irish author as Oscar Wilde, a brilliant master of language
instruments in order to convey the thoughts and images most accurately, is no
exception. Metaphor and idiom are quite closely associated with the artistic
vision of the world, which is of particular interest to the content of the
author's fairy tales.

The object of
the research is a metaphor and an idiom in the English language.

The subject of
the research is the texts of the fairy tales by Oscar Wilde "The Happy
Prince" and "The Nightingale and the Rose".

The aim of
the work is to analyze specific ways of using metaphors and idioms in English
fairy tales.

In order to study that, several tasks were set:

1. To study the theoretical basis of
such linguistic features as metaphor and idiom in English;

2. To explore possible types of
metaphors and idioms;

3. . To analyze the material of Oscar
Wilde's fairy tales for the use of metaphors and idioms. The research is based on the materials
of the fairy tales by Oscar
Wilde “Happy prince” and “The Nightingale
and the Rose”.

The theoretical value of the research
is in elaboration of certain aspects of English metaphors and phraseology.

The practical value is in the
possibility to apply its results in special courses of the English language
lexicology.

The
work consists of introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, and the reference
list of the works used.

The
first chapter of the work, the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of
metaphors, its classification in English.

The second part includes
questions on functional features of
idioms.

The third chapter is devoted  to
metaphors and idioms in  fairy tales by
Oscar Wilde “Happy prince” and “The Nightingale
and the Rose”.

In the conclusion of my paper I tried to draw some
results from the investigations made within the main part of my work.

Заключение:

In the first chapter of our research work, we
studied metaphor as a language unit, looked at its functions and species. We
relied on the work of such linguists as Arnold, Arutyunova, Halperin,
Kharchenko, etc. The functions and classifications of the authors are divided,
but they are united in the opinion that the metaphor is divided into linguistic
and artistic.

Thus, the results of our linguo-stylistic
analysis allow us to conclude that the means of language expression in the
tales of Oscar Wilde are wide and diverse. In his tales, one can note as a
style-forming principle the high use of phonetic, syntactic and lexical
stylistic techniques. At the same time, the greatest share falls on lexical
stylistic techniques. The author's speech manner includes the pretentiousness
of his style and deliberate "decorativeness," serving the purpose of
creating which emphasize the contrast between the dark and bright sides of
human being and psyche.

In the second part of this chapter, we gave
examples and analyzed the artistic and language metaphors and personifications
in his tales «The Happy Prince», «The Nightingale Rose». In performing a search
and analysis of metaphors in  Oscar
Wilde's tales, we were able to find and classify a large number of language and
artistic metaphors.

 In the
fairy tale «The Happy Prince»" we found seven language metaphors and
fourteen artistic ones. In the next tale, «The Nightingale  Rose», we found six linguistic and seventeen
artistic metaphors.

So we can argue that Oscar Wilde's tales are
rich in such stylistic device as metaphor and the amount of artistic metaphor
used prevails over the amount of language.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF METAPHORS AS A
LITERARY TECHNIQUE

1.1 Definition
of metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon

Metaphor is an ornament of language, without it our speech would not be
as emotionally expressive as it becomes when used. Sometimes it allows you to
reflect what cannot be said in simple words, since they would not carry the
meaning and meaning that a metaphor carries. It is a reflection of the
perception of the human world, not only external, but also internal. Based on
this, we can assume that metaphors are a kind of indicator of a person's deep
inner world, since he uses them in speech.

A metaphor is a word or expression that is used in a figurative meaning
based on the similarity of two objects or phenomena on some basis.

Moving a value from one object or phenomenon to another creates an image.
Metaphor is one of the brightest means of expressiveness of poetic, artistic
speech. But at the same time, their absence does not mean the lack of
expressiveness of the work of art.

The metaphor is derived from the Greek word metaphora, which translates as
"transfer." A metaphor is an expression or word used in a figurative
sense to create a figurative characteristic based on the similarity of objects.
For example, deep tracks, deep roots, needles on the fir,, fledgling  etc.

In order for a property to be transferred, it must be similar,
contiguous.

For example, "Backrest" - "Back of the child" (спинка стула, спинка ребенка), iron pipes
- iron nerves (железные трубы –железные нервы). In the
first example, we have the metaphor "спинка стула" the word "back" has a portable
meaning, which is based on similarity in function, and the second in direct
meaning: as riverbed ( the river
sleeve),   a sunny smile,   cold grey eyes.

As Lvov M. R. notes, "in the origins of metaphors - a comparison,
but it is not straightforward, but veiled: the subject being compared is
significantly distant, not always easily identified." [8, p. 203]

In his opinion, in the metaphor, substantively
tangible images seem