Курсовая с практикой на тему The Peculiarities of Passive Voice Translation in John Green Novel “Paper Towns”

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1. CATEGORY OF VOICE IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 5
1.1 Specificity of the Active Voice 5
1.2 Specificity of the Passive Voice 10
1.3 Ways to Translate Passive Constructions Voice into English 15
1.4 Summary of Results 18
CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF MAIN WAYS OF THE PASSIVE VOICE TRANSLATION BASED ON NOVEL “PAPER TOWNS” BY JOHN GREEN 20
2.1 Structural Features of Passive Voice 20
2.2 Two-part Sentences in the Passive Voice 22
2.3 Summary of Results 35
CONCLUSION 36
REFERENCES 39
APPENDIX 42

Введение:

Linguistics is an important element in modern society, since linguistics is a science that studies languages, and which allows for interethnic communication. Linguistics requires following the certain rules for correct communication, and it is also very important to know all stylistic techniques and spelling for more literate writing.
The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the comparative analysis of language systems in the context of the study of translation is a significant linguistic problem. The study of the features of the translation of grammatical constructions, in particular, passive constructions, allows to identify similarities and differences in the grammatical systems of the English and Russian languages. Consideration of this problem on the material of fiction makes it possible to reveal the role and place of passive constructions in the artistic style of speech in English and Russian. In fact, the relevance of the study correlates with the problems of the theory and practice of translation, style and grammar of the English and Russian languages.
The object of research is the passive voice in English.
The subject of the research is the strategies and principles of translating passive constructions from English into Russian in fiction.
The purpose of the research is to identify strategies and principles for translating passive constructions from English into Russian in fiction.
The set purpose implies the solution of the following tasks:
1. to identify the features of the category of voice and active voice;
2. to characterize passive voice in the grammatical system, its types and types;
3. to describe strategies for translating passive constructions;
4. to analyze the role of passive constructions in the source text;
5. to analyze the structural features of passive constructions in one-part sentences;
6. to analyze the features of the translation of passive constructions in two-part sentences;
7. to identify the most productive strategies for translating passive constructions from English into Russian.
Research material - “Paper Towns” by John Green and its translation into Russian.
The research methodology includes studying of scientific literature, the method of systematization when analyzing of the source and its translation, comparative and descriptive methods in identifying translation strategies, the method of quantitative analysis in identifying the most productive translation strategies for passive constructions.
The theoretical base of the research includes the works of the following scientists: M.Ya. Bloch, G.M. Zeldovich, A.M. Klyushina, V.Yu. Koprov, Yu.A. Levitsky, Ya.I. Retsker, A.A. Tikhonov, M. Baker, M. Cargill, P. Collins, M. Halliday, M. Olohan, etc.
The theoretical significance of the research lies in the fact that it contributes to the study of the problem of translation of the grammatical category of voice. The study focuses on the similarities and differences between the passive voice in English and Russian in terms of translation. The study of this problem on the material of the literary text allows to evaluate the role of passive constructions in English and Russian.
The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be applied in the theory and practice of translation, in the context of comparative studies of the grammar of the English and Russian languages, as well as in the framework of the closer study of passive constructions in English and Russian.
The paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of references and appendix. The structure of the research is consistent with the goal and objectives.
 

Заключение:

To sum up, the category of voice in the syntax of the English language is an important grammatical category, since it describes the relationship of an action with its subject and object. It is the subject-object relations that underlie the allocation of the grammatical category of voice in the syntactic structure of the language.
In fact, the category of voice in the English language plays an important role, it allows to describe the semantics of a particular action, taking into account the grammatical features of the English language. Since this language is analytical, the syntactic structure of sentences remains unchanged regardless of the form of voice.
Still, the difference between the passive and active voice implies that in the passive voice the described action is directed to the object expressed by the subject, and in the active voice it is directed to the object expressed by the Object. In the active voice, the process is directly connected with the actor of this process, it is treated as that one generated by someone or something, or belonging to someone.
The structural features of passive constructions are determined by the peculiarities of the grammar of the English language. It is important to separate constructions that are expressions of the passive voice from compound predicates. Structurally the passive voice construction is expressed as “to be + Participle II”, while it is characteristic of all categories of passive constructions in English. The information about the person performing the action in passive constructions in English is implemented using the preposition by. Nevertheless, passive constructions in English allow the absence of an indication of the actor if it is unknown, unimportant or undesirable in the context of the sentence.
The translation of English-language passive constructions from English into Russian is determined by the existing differences between the grammatical systems of these languages. The context of using these constructions in the passive voice also plays an important role: syntactic structures of this type are more common in English, while their use in Russian is much more limited, which implies a transformation of the grammatical structure of a source sentence with a passive voice.
In the considered source, passive constructions are used in a variety of contexts and to achieve various communicative and expressive tasks. In particular, the passive is used both in descriptive constructions and in direct speech. Moreover, passive constructions are also common in the main character's internal monologues, when describing his emotions, impressions and memories. The prevalence of passive constructions in the English language is reflected in their active use in describing the circumstances in which the characters of the considered novel find themselves.
The syntactic analysis of the text has shown that one-part sentences are not common in the source, the analysis is mainly based on the features of translating two-part sentences.
The analysis of the translation approaches has demonstrated that the replacement of a passive construction with an active one reflects the differences in the syntactic norms of the English and Russian languages. Moreover, this transformation occurs not only at the grammatical, but also at the lexical level: as a rule, the verb is used that is opposite in meaning to the verb from the original text.
Moreover, the cases of translation of passive constructions using impersonal and generalized personal sentences have been identified, their use reflects the differences in the syntactic structure of the English and Russian languages.
Furthermore, the use of indefinite personal sentences in the translation text instead of passive constructions is due to the fact that information about the performer of the action is unimportant or obvious from the context. The use of reflexive verbs in the translation text correlates with the grammatical features and usage of the Russian language.
In cases where the grammatical norm of the Russian language allows the formation of a passive construction, and it correlates stylistically with the context, the passive construction is preserved in the translated text. However, depending on the norms of lexical compatibility in the Russian language, it is possible either to copy the verb from the original text, or to use another verb that semantically correlates with the context.
According to the quantitative analysis made, the most productive method of translating passive constructions from English into Russian is to replace the passive construction with an active one, which is consistent with the grammatical features of Russian and English.
Thus, the conducted research is of value in the context of the grammatical analysis of the English and Russian languages. The study of the category of voice through the prism of a comparative analysis of the text of the original and the translation allows to identify grammatical features, patterns of use of passive constructions in English and Russian.
The comparative study of passive constructions in English and Russian made it possible to clearly identify the structural, stylistic and semantic features of the use of this category of the verb in English and Russian. Moreover, the study of passive constructions through the prism of their use in a literary text made it possible to reveal the significance of grammatical constructions of this type in both considered languages.
The study of the principles and patterns in the translation of passive constructions from English into Russian provided the identification of the patterns of their use, the degree of their productivity in both languages. For this reason, the results obtained are of considerable value in the context of comparative linguistic research.
Moreover, since the subject of the study is the strategies and principles of the translation of passive constructions, the value of the results obtained from the point of view of translation studies can hardly be overestimated. The study examined the problems of translatability of grammatical categories, which reflects a systematic approach to the study of this phenomenon, including at the level of grammar.
The regularities revealed in the study of the peculiarities of the translation of passive constructions from English into Russian formed the basis for further study of this problem. In this work, the features of the translation of passive constructions in fiction were identified, further research may affect the features of the translation of passive constructions from English into Russian in other functional styles: for example, in scientific, official, journalistic, etc. functional style, which will allow a holistic assessment of the principles of translating an English passive into Russian 

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. CATEGORY OF VOICE IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1.1 Specificity of the Active Voice
Verb is the main indicator for describing actions. In the English language, only via the verb the tense feature can be given out. The verb is considered to be the most vital part of any sentence, [42]. A verb is a mark that describes an action, experience or expresses a state of being. Furthermore, verbs are the main part of an English sentence due to its syntactic features, since these can perform various syntactic functions in the language structure [26].
The particular accent on verbs here is due to the fact that passive is the form of verb, furthermore, the specifics of using the voice category is somehow devoted to the syntactic characteristics of verb as a grammatical phenomenon.
Given the features and the leading role of verbs in the sentence, the entire verbal system of this language could be divided into the following components: semantic verbs (notional verbs), service verbs (semi-auxiliary verbs) and auxiliary verbs [34].
Verbs in the English language have four basic forms: indefinite, the form of simple past tense (Past Simple), the participle I (present participle), the participle II (past participle) [34].
The morphological features of the verbs as a grammatical phenomenon imply that it has the categories of tense, voice, aspect, mood, person, number, etc. These are demonstrated in the English language both synthetically and analytically, specifying the grammatical features of the language [40]. Some of the verb categories may be realized in the language only synthetically: these are, for instance, person and number.
Other verb categories are exposed only analytically: this is voice [49]. There also verb categories that are demonstrated both analytically and synthetically, and these are mood, tense and aspect. All these features make the verb a specific grammatical category of the English language [33].
Furthermore, verb is one of the notional parts of speech in English, since its categorial meaning is the meaning of dynamic process, the development of action through the time changing. It encompasses not only the words that denote actions themselves, but also the words that describe feelings, forms of existence, etc. [44].
The key aspect within the subdivision of notional verbs is the features of their compatibility within the language system. So, verbs within the grammar structure are divided into transitive and intransitive ones.