Курсовая с практикой на тему Курсовая работа

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT
DECISION-MAKING IN AN IT COMPANY.. 4

1.1. Typology of management decisions and
information necessary for their justification  4

1.2. General characteristics of the IT market 10

1.3. Characteristics of Yandex LLC». 15

CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH OF MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING
ON THE EXAMPLE OF YANDEX LLC». 22

2.1. Analysis of the activities of Yandex LLC:
identifying the problem.. 22

2.2. The process of making a managerial decision
on a selected problem.. 24

2.3. The process of making a managerial decision
in the company "Yandex". 35

CONCLUSION.. 38

LIST
OF USED LITERATURE. 40

Введение:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT
DECISION-MAKING IN AN IT COMPANY.. 4

1.1. Typology of management decisions and
information necessary for their justification  4

1.2. General characteristics of the IT market 10

1.3. Characteristics of Yandex LLC». 15

CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH OF MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING
ON THE EXAMPLE OF YANDEX LLC». 22

2.1. Analysis of the activities of Yandex LLC:
identifying the problem.. 22

2.2. The process of making a managerial decision
on a selected problem.. 24

2.3. The process of making a managerial decision
in the company "Yandex". 35

CONCLUSION.. 38

LIST
OF USED LITERATURE. 40

Заключение:

Based on
the results of the analysis of the specifics of management decisions in Yandex
LLC, theoretical knowledge and information in the field of management were
obtained. We collected information that characterizes the company, conducted a
general analysis of the company's activities, an analysis of the external
environment and internal environment of the company, the organizational
structure of the company.

Yandex LLC
is an Internet technology company that works with Internet search engines in
Russia. It creates products and services based on machine learning. The company
operates through the following segments: search and portal; taxi; e-commerce;
ads; Media Services; Other bids and experiments. The search and portal segment
offers services in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, which generates most of the
revenue.

The key
indicators and achievements of the company in the field of product range
expansion and marketing can be summarized in the following information.

Yandex
services are primarily self - service and do not require interaction with
Yandex representatives. Users can use many Yandex services without registration
– including its search engine, news portal, and translation service-and can
subscribe to various other services through the Yandex home page.

Advertisers
and brand marketers, on the other hand, should contact Yandex directly by phone
to discuss terms and conditions, getting a more personalized and personalized
service. Yandex provides support to its customers through technical reference
guides available through its separate service portals, and provides contact
details for its offices on its main corporate website.

The company
also interacts with its customers through social media accounts, including
Facebook and Twitter.

Corporate
activities.

As part of
the fight against the coronavirus pandemic, Yandex has launched a project to
support medical and social services "Help is near". The company
organized the transportation of doctors and the delivery of medicines,
essential goods and tests for coronavirus. Yandex has allocated about 1.5
billion rubles for various initiatives, including support for drivers and
couriers, a program to support small and medium-sized businesses, and funding
for educational projects.

Yandex.School
is a platform that combines all the key educational projects of Yandex and
offers full — fledged distance learning for students of grades 5-11 in 15
subjects with video broadcasting of classes and group chats.

Yandex
placed convertible bonds in the amount of $ 1.25 billion with a coupon rate of
0.75% per annum and maturity in 2025.

As part of
the share repurchase program announced in November 2019, 3.5 million Class A
shares were repurchased in the first quarter of 2020.

Thus,
Yandex LLC is developing dynamically and does not stand still. The company is
expanding its range of services. In order to be popular, it no longer needs advertising,
this company is recognized all over the world. But the company regularly
improves, releases commercials, and holds promotions.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER
1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING IN AN IT COMPANY 1.1.
Typology of management decisions and information necessary for their
justification All the
variety of management decisions, depending on the nature of the problems and
methods of solving them, can be divided into the following types.

Taking into
account the stereotypical situations and the method used, programmable and
non-programmable solutions are distinguished. Programmable solutions typically
include standard and repetitive solutions. According to foreign practice, about
90% of decisions are made in typical situations. Such situations include those
related to the purchase of goods, the formation of an assortment, the selection
of personnel, etc. To solve them, a well-known model is used with the necessary
adjustments to specific characteristics. After all, there is practically no
absolute repetition of all the nuances of the situation.

Unanticipated
or programmed decisions are those that are made in new situations. They can be
one-time, creative in nature, largely depend on common sense and intuition (for
example, the development of new technologies, new products, the formation of a
new structure) [1].

Separate
authors, Aunapu F. F., Bozhko P., distinguish four levels of decision-making
based on the creative contribution of managers to their development: routine, selective,
adaptive and innovative.

The first
level is routine decisions. They are adopted in accordance with a proven
mechanism and an existing programmer of action. It is important to study the
specifics of the situation, relate it to the accumulated experience and take
responsibility for specific actions. You don't have to be creative, because all
the decision-making procedures are known.

The second
level is selective or selective solutions. Initiative and freedom of action at
this level are limited. For example, when evaluating various known alternatives
and choosing the best one.

The third
level is adaptive or adaptive solutions. They are designed for unforeseen
additional difficulties. As a rule, their development combines the use of a
non-standard creative approach based on new ideas with previously developed
data for decision-making. To find a new solution to a known problem, the
personal initiative of the leader is important.

The fourth
level is innovative. Decisions of this level are associated with the complexity
and unpredictability of events.

The nature
of the problem underlies the use of system analysis as one of the methods for
justifying decisions. In connection with its use, there are three types of
solutions [8]:

-
well-structured;

- poorly
structured;

-
unstructured.

Structuring
refers to the ability to quantify the relationships between elements of a
situation. The degree of formalization of the problem as a sign of typification
was first proposed by American experts.

Well-structured
solutions are those in which the dependencies between the elements of the
situation can get values or numeric characters. To solve well-structured
problems, quantitative analysis methods are used: linear and nonlinear dynamic
programming, queue theory, game theory, the methodology of which is known as "operational
research" [3].

Poorly
structured solutions are usually complex and differ in their qualitative
dependencies on the elements of the situation. However, poorly structured (or
mixed) solutions contain both qualitative and quantitative elements. They
belong to the field of system analysis. To solve these problems, the
possibility of building models is excluded, but not always. It all depends on
the specific situation and the acceptability of a combination of quantitative
and heuristic decision-making methods.

Unstructured
(or qualitatively expressed) solutions contain only descriptions of the most
important resources, features, the quantitative relationships of which are
completely unknown. Unstructured decisions are made using heuristic methods
based on intuition, logic, theoretical reasoning, experience, human
professionalism, or collective management. This is the most numerous type of
solution.

In the process
of structuring solutions, it is necessary to minimize the number of informal
elements so that the problem becomes more specific. The problem that needs to
be solved, regardless of its type, should be related to the goals of enterprise
management, and on this basis, a procedure for resolving the situation should
be formulated [7].

Decision-making
permeates all management activities, decisions are made on a wide range of
management tasks. None of the management functions, regardless of which body
performs it, can be implemented otherwise than through the preparation and
implementation of management decisions. After all, all the activities of any
structure are somehow connected with the adoption and implementation of
decisions. This, first of all, determines the importance of decision-making and
determines its role in management.

Herbert
Simon, a well-known American management expert, called decision-making
"the essence of management." He also noted that all practical
activities consist of "solutions" and "actions". Thus,
management can be considered as a decision-making process and as a process
containing actions.

The content
of the concept of "solution" is interpreted in its own way in
different fields of knowledge. In this way, psychology explores decision-making
and problem-solving. In this case, decision-making is considered as a stage of
an important act, which includes such mental elements as goals, assessments,
motives and attitudes.

The
general theory of decision-making, developed on the basis of mathematical
methods and formal logic, is used in economics and has the conditions