Контрольная работа на тему Перевод статьи

Содержание:

Введение:

Заключение:

Conclusions

• In conditions
of irrigation on chernozems of the South of Russia, in Dagestan, in particular,
the application of fertilizers ensures the yield of Torch tomatoes at the level
of 480-500 centner/ha (control group - 271 centner/ha).

• Plants of
Torch tomatoes formed the maximum assimilative surface in the period of mass
fruiting.

• The linear
height of tomato plants increased in direct proportion to the dose and timing
of application of mineral fertilizers.

For example, in
the period of mass maturation the height of plants grown without fertilizers
was 53.7 cm, then against the background of N120P60K60 – 57.2 cm, and N90P60K60
+ N30 – 62 cm. The number of fruits per plant was 13.7; 18.3 and 20.2 tomatoes,
respectively, and the average fruit weight was 63.4; 76.7 and 80.7 g.

• The use of
mineral fertilizers on the background of organic ones for sown tomatoes
resulted in a decrease of the content of dry matter in the fruit from 6.96 to
6.44-6.83% when applied, and the content of total sugars from 4.90% to
3.86-3.57%, respectively, compared with the control group. The amount of
nitrates in the fruit, regardless of the background of cultivation, did not
exceed the maximum allowable concentration.

• The obtained
results indicate a high yield of Torch tomatoes in the climatic conditions of
Dagestan, given the rational selection of mineral and organic fertilizers, as
well as modes of their application, which also proves the high biotechnological
potential of the studied hybrid variety of tomato for industrial cultivation in
the South of the Russian Federation.

Фрагмент текста работы:

Biotechnological potential of Torch
tomatoes growing in Dagestan

© Saida S. Saidova

Dagestan State Technical University.
Imam Shamil Ave., 70A.

Makhachkala, 367026. Republic of
Dagestan. Russia.

Key words:
biotechnology, potential, tomato Torch, hybrid, fertilizers, productivity,
fruit quality.

Abstract

The article
explores the biotechnological potential of growing Torch tomatoes in the
territory of Dagestan; The characteristics of the hybrid varieties of Torch
tomatoes are given; the comparative characteristic of yield indicators of Torch
tomatoes with other varieties cultivated in the southern part of Russia is
presented; as part of the field experiment, five universal soil fertilizer
schemes and their application regimes for growing tomatoes were tested; the
most optimal ratios of the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
for fertilizing soils and fertilizing plants as an alternative to natural
organic nitrogen fertilizers were selected; it is proved that with the
introduction of mineral fertilizers against the background of the aftereffect
of manure in the soil the content of nitrates, mobile phosphorus and exchange
potassium increases; the influence of the timing of the use of fertilizers on
the accumulation of dry matter and the area of the assimilation surface of
tomatoes of the Torch variety during the growing season was studied; the
dependence of the yield of commodity fruits of the Torch tomato on the doses
and timing of the use of fertilizers was established; the effect of fertilizers
on individual biometric indicators of Torch tomato plants on the period of mass
ripening of fruits is shown; individual indicators of the quality of the Torch
tomato fruit in full ripeness are determined depending on fertilizers; it has
been shown that the application of fertilizers ensures the yield of fruits of
sown tomatoes of the Torch cultivar at the level of 480-500 centner, and also
that the tomato plants of the Torch cultivar form the maximum assimilation
surface during the period of mass fruit formation; It is shown that the amount
of nitrates in the fruits, regardless of the background of cultivation, does
not exceed their maximum permissible concentration; in practice, the high yield
of Torch tomatoes in the climatic conditions of Dagestan has been proved.

Introduction

Problem
statement. Among vegetable crops, a significant place belongs to
tomatoes (tomatoes), which occupy an area of about 85 thousand hectares in
Russia [5]. Their production is concentrated in the southern regions of the
Russian Federation, as well as in regions with a hot, moderately humid climate.
Tomatoes should be grown using intensive technology. High and stable yields in
the farms of the southern region of the Russian Federation are obtained due to
the correct selection of varieties and hybrids and the use of a scientifically
based farming system [20].

In this regard,
one of the main tasks of the production of high-quality tomato products is to
develop a system of fertilization in the conditions of irrigation in the South
of the Russian Federation, Dagestan, in particular, which, given the high cost
of mineral fertilizers, should be environmentally sound and aimed at preserving
and reproducing soil fertility.

Currently, when
growing vegetable crops, heterosis hybrids are becoming more common, since
they, in comparison with varieties, have many economically useful
characteristics, especially such as yield, precocity, resistance to diseases,
equalization, fruit quality, and others [2].