Дипломная работа (ВКР) - бакалавр, специалист на тему Особенности репрезентации эпитета и метафоры в художественном переводе (на материале произведений Дорис Лессинг) Features of the representation of the epithet and metaphor in literary transЧто она не сказалаlation (based on the material of works of Doris Lessing)

Содержание:

INTRODUCTION.. 3

CHAPTER 1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATING METAPHORS AND
EPITHETS IN FICTION.. 6

1.1The Essence of Metaphor and
Epithet as Stylistic Means. 6

1.1.1Features of Metaphor 6

1.1.2Features of Epithet 13

1.2Peculiarities of Translating
Fiction Texts. 19

1.3Translation Transformations as
the Key Strategy for Translating Metaphors and Epithets  21

1.4Summary of Results. 23

CHAPTER 2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS AND EPITHETS
IN THE WORKS OF D. LESSING AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN   25

2.1 Analysis of the Translation of
Metaphors and Their Functions in the Works of D. Lessing  25

2.2 Analysis of Epithets in the
Works of D. Lessing, Their Translation into Russian and Their Functions. 41

2.3Results and Discussion. 51

CHAPTER 3. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH RESULTS. 54

3.1 Practical Relevance in
Translation Studies. 54

3.2 Practical Relevance in Stylistics. 59

3.3 Practical Relevance in
Linguistics and Lexicology. 64

3.4 Results and Recommendations. 69

CONCLUSION.. 71

REFERENCES. 73

APPENDIX.. 80

Введение:

Fiction texts
are characterized by the presence of many different stylistic devices. These
directly affect the style of the text, increase its expressiveness and imagery.
The stylistic linguistic features of a literary text are also characterized by
the fact that they reflect the specifics of the culture and worldview of the
people who are the native speakers of this language. The relevance of this research
is due to the fact that the translation of stylistic devices is always
associated with the solution of a set of problems. It is both about the
transfer of the figurative component, which invariably lies at the basis of
metaphors and epithets, and about the compliance with the norms and usage of
the target language. The task of the translator is complicated by the fact that
he needs not only to convey the image, but also to make it understandable for
native speakers of the target language. For this reason, in some cases the
problem arises of the impossibility of preserving the original style in the
translation text. In general, the relevance of the topic of this research is
based on the fact that it examines various aspects of translatability of epithets
and metaphors in literary texts. The object of this research is
metaphors and epithets in the novels of D. Lessing. The subject of this research is
translation transformations used to translate metaphors and epithets from D.
Lessing's novels into Russian. The objective of this research
is to analyze the features of the use of translation transformations when
translating metaphors and epithets from D. Lessing's novels from English into
Russian. The set objective implies the solution
of the following tasks:

1. study
the characteristic features of epithets and metaphors from the point of view of
stylistics;

2. establish
the features of translation of fiction;

3. describe
the essence and role of translation transformations in the translation of
stylistic devices;

4. analyze
the features of translation of metaphors and epithets from D. Lessing's novels
into Russian, taking into account their categorical semantics and functions;

5. describe
the potential for practical application of the results of the research. The source of the research is
the novels of Doris Lessing “The Story of General Dann and Mara's Daughter,
Griot and the Snow Dog”, “The grandmothers”, “Martha Quest” and their
translations into Russian. The research methodology
includes the following methods:

1. analysis
of research literature on the theme of thesis;

2. the
method of continuous sampling in the formation of a list of examples of the use
of metaphors and epithets in the novels of D. Lessing;

3. the
method of classification in the formation of the structure of the corpus of
examples of metaphors and epithets;

4. the
method of comparative analysis in identifying the features of the translation
of metaphors and epithets into Russian;

5. the
method of description when clarifying the motivation for the use of translation
transformations in translating metaphors and epithets;

6. the
method of quantitative analysis to identify the most productive translation transformations
in translating metaphors and epithets. The theoretical base of the research
includes the works of the following scientists: I.V. Arnold, L.S. Barkhudarov,
A.N. Veselovsky, I.R. Galperin, V.V. Grigoriev, V.M. Zhirmunsky, V.N.
Komissarov, L.K. Latyshev, N.N. Mamaeva, V.P. Moskvin, Ya. I. Retsker, G.N.
Sklyarevskaya, A.P. Chudinov, D.E. Ertner, D. Cooper, J. Hobbs, T. Lee, H.
Widdowson и др. The theoretical significance of the
research lies in the fact that it makes a contribution to the study of the
problem of translatability of stylistic devices - metaphor and epithet - into
Russian using the material of modern English prose. In the course of the
research, the limits and possibilities of translating these stylistic devices
into Russian are revealed while preserving their imagery for native speakers of
the target language. In addition, this research examines the features of the
translation of literary works, which is also a difficult professional task for
translators, taking into account the peculiarities of this type of texts. The practical significance of this
research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be introduced into
the teaching process of various humanities. The point here is the teaching of
translation practice in relation to metaphors and epithets, as well as teaching
stylistics and lexicology of the English language in general. In addition, this
research can be used to study the characteristics of modern English literature
in the framework of literary criticism. The structure of the research
corresponds to the set objective and tasks. The paper consists of introduction,
three chapters, conclusion, references and appendix. The first chapter examines the
theoretical aspects of the research: the concepts of metaphor and epithet,
features of translation of literary texts, translation transformations. In the second chapter, the comparative
analysis of the original and translation texts is carried out to study the
features of the application of translation transformations when working with
metaphors and epithets. The third chapter assesses the practical
implementation potential of the research results.

Заключение:

To sum up, the essence of metaphor as a stylistic device consists in correlating two
objects from different spheres on the basis of a similar feature, establishing
associative links, which entails an increase in the figurative potential of
language and speech. Having similarities among themselves, which consists in
semantic features, that is, in the transfer of characteristics from one subject
to another on the basis of obvious similarities, metaphors are characterized by
many differences, the reasons for which lie both in stylistic compatibility and
in contextual connotations. Epithets are of paramount importance
for stylistic layer of any language. They fully demonstrate their potential in
literature, as epithets have bright evaluative, emotional, expressive nature
and strong correlations with the particular culture. In a text, epithets
demonstrate the personal attitudes and moods of fictional characters or the
author himself, and may also significantly increase its emotionality and
figurativeness. Due to the stylistic potential of epithets, and their role in
increasing the imagery of a text, they are likely to directly influence the
aesthetical layer of narration, and this is extremely important for verbalizing
author’s intentions within a particular text. Then, literary translation is a special
part of translation as such texts imply the translation of not only the texts
themselves but also the accounting for the relevant culture, epoch and the
author’s style. The key problem for translators working with literary text is
not the meaning of the linguistic units but the re-expression of the whole set
of aesthetics of the text and thus the atmosphere created by the author of the
original text. In general, translators of fiction texts face a difficult task,
which includes not only the ability to translate, but also the effective
realization of certain literary skills in order to be able to understand and
express the creative intention of the writer to the extent possible. So, the
application of translation transformations is the most productive means for
translating stylistic features of the original text. The practical comparative analysis has
demonstrated that in the writer's texts there are a large number of both speech
and linguistic metaphors. Natural and artifact metaphors prevail, which allow
to create the vivid images to enhance the artistic expressiveness of novels.
Translation of metaphors into Russian involves the use of various translation
transformations. Quite often, while translating, the original metaphorical
image is lost while translating, for example, while using modulation or
explication. When using calquing and grammatical substitutions, the
metaphorical features of the original is generally conveyed in the translation
text. The analysis has also demonstrated that
a significant number of epithets belong to the category of synesthetic
epithets, since they describe the inner world of the characters. The use of
epithets of this kind significantly increases the emotionality of the story and
makes the characters closer and more understandable for the reader. Epithets
perform expressive and evaluative functions, which directly emphasizes their
importance for the stylistics of literary works in general. When translating
epithets into Russian, various translation transformations are used, many of
which allow to preserve the style of the original in the translation text, such
as calquing, concretization, modulation. At the same time, such transformations
as grammatical substitution or explication imply the significant transformation
of the original, which entails the omission of its stylistic nuances during
translation while preserving its semantics. Furthermore, the conducted comparative
analysis has shown that the translation of epithets and metaphors is characterized,
first of all, by calquing, modulation and explication. At the same time,
calquing in both cases implies preserving the style of the original, and
explication ensures that the translation is carried out descriptively. As for
modulation, when translating metaphors, as a rule, it entails the loss of
imagery, while when translating epithets, their stylistic coloration is
preserved. That said, the application of
translation transformation demonstrates its overall effectiveness in
translating metaphors and epithets within literary texts. The analysis of the relevance of the research has
proven that this research is highly relevant for humanitarian knowledge:
linguistics, lexicology, cognitive linguistics. Furthermore, the research done
is relevant as it contributes to the analysis of the problem of
translatability.

Фрагмент текста работы:

CHAPTER 1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF
TRANSLATING METAPHORS AND EPITHETS IN FICTION

1.1 The
Essence of Metaphor and Epithet as Stylistic Means Stylistics
and stylistic devices play an important role in linguistic research. They imply
the reflection of emotions and assessments, thus leading to the increasing
expressiveness of the text. Stylistic devices are generally applied in the
texts of different styles [72]. Mainly, these are used in media texts and
literature as these styles suppose the need to attract the reader’s attention
and to express the author’s ideas and intentions to the highest and fullest degree
possible [61]. As
stylistics is a crucial part of the language, the stylistic means are presented
at various language levels: phonetics, lexemes, syntax. For instance, metaphors
and epithets relate to the lexical level. The role of
metaphors and epithets in literary text is extremely important. These stylistic
devices create the specific imagery and bright atmosphere of the particular
text with its proper stylistic features, aesthetics, literary features, the
specifics of the authors’ style, etc. [81]. Metaphors
implies the high associative potential of the text, as it reflects the cultural
and cognitive features of people’s thinking [66], while epithets imply the reflection of the personal
attitude and personal assessments towards the phenomenon mentioned [76]. These devices are highly spread in literature. 1.1.1 Features
of Metaphor

N. D. Arutyunova in her book "The Theory of
Metaphor" cites the opinion of the researcher of metaphors R. Hoffman,
according to which the metaphor has a purely practical nature. It can be used
as a kind of language tool for describing objects from any industry. The main
task of the metaphor, according to the researcher, is that it is capable of
significantly enriching and contributing to the differentiation of a person's
actions, assessing the peculiarities of his/her attitude [3].

N. D. Arutyunova notes that the creation of a
metaphor itself implies the involvement of many different semantic processes,
including the perception of synonyms, the formation of polysemy, the expansion
of the expressive potential of lexical units, the formation of terms through
metaphorical transfer. In fact, a metaphor creates an image and refers to the
imagination, to the associative potential of a person's consciousness, thereby
generating a meaning that mind perceives [3].

It is known that a metaphor is a "hidden
comparison", and its basis is the mental operation of comparison. The property
inherent in human consciousness of finding associations and analogies allows to
find something in common, which was the basis of the metaphor [15; 81]. It should be noted that
each scientist has his/her own idea of such a concept as "metaphor",
based on which he proposed his own definition of metaphor, its classification
and functions, as well as an approach to its essence [49].